The estimation of the subsurface acoustic impedance (AI) model is an important step of seismic data processing for oil and gas exploration. The full waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful way to invert the subsurface parameters with surface acquired seismic data. Nevertheless. the strong nonlinear relationship between the seismic data and the subsurface model will cause nonconvergence... https://foldlyers.shop/product-category/speaker-brackets/